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KVG晶体振荡器技术介绍

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浏览:- 发布日期:2022-04-27 10:55:39【
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晶体和晶体振荡器是电信和数据传输等频率控制应用中最重要的组件。原因是频率稳定性高、谐振品质因数高、温漂低、价格合理。广泛的晶体振荡器需要精确的规格以确保最佳性能。标准石英晶体振荡器或XO在 DIP-14、14mmx9mm或7x5mmSMD封装中提供±100ppm的稳定性和+5V (+3.3V) 电源电压。应用是微处理器和消费电子市场的时钟。由于对价格敏感的应用,振荡器的要求主要由外壳样式、频率、稳定性、输出信号和温度范围来定义

电信、测量设备、卫星导航等专业应用对稳定性、低阻抗输出(更高频率的 HCMOS 或 ECL/PECL)、低相位抖动和更长的15年甚至更长的使用寿命有更高的要求。为了实现足够的长期稳定性,完整的振荡器需要预老化和稳定的晶体生产过程。虽然低成本振荡器仅提供整体稳定性,但大多数专业振荡器的所有稳定性参数都已明确定义。

虽然简单的XO(X-tal Oscillator,Crystal Oscillator)仅提供固定的输出频率,但其他类型的振荡器提供了拉动选项,主要用于PLL应用。这些VCXO(压控晶振X-tal 振荡器)使用与内部晶体并联的内部变容二极管,可实现大约±20ppm至±200ppm的电气频率变化。这个标称牵引范围用于补偿振荡器本身的频率偏差,并提供足够的捕获范围以锁定到某个频率。减去所有稳定性参数(如温度稳定性、老化和校准)的标称牵引范围称为绝对牵引范围APR,通常用于指定VCXO。

CPPT4-A7BR-11.0592TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 11.0592MHZ TTL PC PIN FIPO™ CPP Active XO (Standard) 11.0592MHz
CPPT4-A7BR-150.0TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 150.000MHZ TTL PC PIN FIPO™ CPP Active XO (Standard) 150MHz
CPPT4-A7BR-4.096TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 4.096MHZ TTL PC PIN FIPO™ CPP Active XO (Standard) 4.096MHz
CPPT4-A7BR-87.0NC Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 87.000MHZ TTL PC PIN FIPO™ CPP Active XO (Standard) 87MHz
CPPC4-BP-12.98TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 12.98MHZ CMOS PC PIN FIPO™ CPP Active XO (Standard) 12.98MHz
CPPC4L-A3B6-100.0TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 100.000MHZ CMOS PC PIN FIPO™ CPP Active XO (Standard) 100MHz
CPPC4L-A3B6-120.0TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 120.000MHZ CMOS PC PIN FIPO™ CPP Active XO (Standard) 120MHz
CPPC4L-A3B6-126.0TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 126.000MHZ CMOS PC PIN FIPO™ CPP Active XO (Standard) 126MHz
CPPC4L-A3B6-80.0TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 80.000MHZ CMOS PC PIN FIPO™ CPP Active XO (Standard) 80MHz
CPPC4-A3B6-12.0TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 12.000MHZ CMOS PC PIN FIPO™ CPP Active XO (Standard) 12MHz
CPPC4-A3B6-16.0TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 16.000MHZ CMOS PC PIN FIPO™ CPP Active XO (Standard) 16MHz
CPPC4-A3B6-19.6608TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 19.6608MHZ CMOS PC PIN FIPO™ CPP Active XO (Standard) 19.6608MHz
CPPC4-A3B6-22.1184TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 22.1184MHZ CMOS PC PIN FIPO™ CPP Active XO (Standard) 22.1184MHz
CPPC4-A3B6-4.0TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 4.000MHZ CMOS PC PIN FIPO™ CPP Active XO (Standard) 4MHz
CPPC4-A3B6-60.0TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 60.000MHZ CMOS PC PIN FIPO™ CPP Active XO (Standard) 60MHz
CPPC4L-A3B6-10.0TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 10.000MHZ CMOS PC PIN FIPO™ CPP Active XO (Standard) 10MHz
CPPC4L-A3B6-24.0TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 24.000MHZ CMOS PC PIN FIPO™ CPP Active XO (Standard) 24MHz
CPPC4L-A3B6-40.0TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 40.000MHZ CMOS PC PIN FIPO™ CPP Active XO (Standard) 40MHz
CPPC1-A3B6-0.50TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 500.000KHZ CMOS PC PIN FIPO™ CPP Active XO (Standard) 500kHz
CPPC1-A3B6-1.0TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 1.000MHZ CMOS PC PIN FIPO™ CPP Active XO (Standard) 1MHz
CPPC1-A3B6-10.0TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 10.000MHZ CMOS PC PIN FIPO™ CPP Active XO (Standard) 10MHz
CPPC1-A3B6-11.0592TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 11.0592MHZ CMOS PC PIN FIPO™ CPP Active XO (Standard) 11.0592MHz
CPPC1-A3B6-12.0TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 12.000MHZ CMOS PC PIN FIPO™ CPP Active XO (Standard) 12MHz
CPPC1-A3B6-16.0TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 16.000MHZ CMOS PC PIN FIPO™ CPP Active XO (Standard) 16MHz
CPPC1-A3B6-2.0TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 2.000MHZ CMOS PC PIN FIPO™ CPP Active XO (Standard) 2MHz
CPPC1-A3B6-20.0TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 20.000MHZ CMOS PC PIN FIPO™ CPP Active XO (Standard) 20MHz
CPPC1-A3B6-56.0TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 56.000MHZ CMOS PC PIN FIPO™ CPP Active XO (Standard) 56MHz
CPPC1-A3B6-8.0TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 8.000MHZ CMOS PC PIN FIPO™ CPP Active XO (Standard) 8MHz
CPPFXC5-A7BD-1.28TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 1.28MHZ CMOS SMD FIPO™ CPPFX Active XO (Standard) 1.28MHz
CPPFXC4T-A7BD-121.5PD Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 121.50MHZ CMOS PC PIN FIPO™ CPPFX Active XO (Standard) 121.5MHz
CPPFXC5-A7BD-1.26TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 1.26MHZ CMOS SMD FIPO™ CPPFX Active XO (Standard) 1.26MHz
CPPFXC5-A7BD-1.34TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 1.34MHZ CMOS SMD FIPO™ CPPFX Active XO (Standard) 1.34MHz
CPPFXC7L-BD-90.105TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 90.105MHZ CMOS SMD FIPO™ CPPFX Active XO (Standard) 90.105MHz
CPPFXC5Z-A7BD-2.8TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 2.80MHZ CMOS SMD FIPO™ CPPFX Active XO (Standard) 2.8MHz
CPPFXC7L-A7BD-54.0TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 54.000MHZ CMOS SMD FIPO™ CPPFX Active XO (Standard) 54MHz
CPPFXC5-A7BD-1.3TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 1.30MHZ CMOS SMD FIPO™ CPPFX Active XO (Standard) 1.3MHz
CPPFXC7LZ-BD-60.0TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 60.000MHZ CMOS SMD FIPO™ CPPFX Active XO (Standard) 60MHz
CPPFXC5-A7BD-1.8TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 1.80MHZ CMOS SMD FIPO™ CPPFX Active XO (Standard) 1.8MHz
CPPFXC5Z-A7BD-3.8TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 3.80MHZ CMOS SMD FIPO™ CPPFX Active XO (Standard) 3.8MHz
CPPFXC5-A7BD-2.2TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 2.20MHZ CMOS SMD FIPO™ CPPFX Active XO (Standard) 2.2MHz
CPPFXC7LZ-BD-66.6TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 66.60MHZ CMOS SMD FIPO™ CPPFX Active XO (Standard) 66.6MHz
CPPFXT7L-A7BD-10.0TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 10.000MHZ TTL SMD FIPO™ CPPFX Active XO (Standard) 10MHz
CPPFXT7L-A7BD-2.048TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 2.048MHZ TTL SMD FIPO™ CPPFX Active XO (Standard) 2.048MHz
CPPFXC5-A7BD-4.4TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 4.40MHZ CMOS SMD FIPO™ CPPFX Active XO (Standard) 4.4MHz
CPPFXT7L-A7BD-20.0TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 20.000MHZ TTL SMD FIPO™ CPPFX Active XO (Standard) 20MHz
CPPFXT7L-A7BD-50.0TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 50.000MHZ TTL SMD FIPO™ CPPFX Active XO (Standard) 50MHz
CPPFXC5Z-A7BD-2.6TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 2.60MHZ CMOS SMD FIPO™ CPPFX Active XO (Standard) 2.6MHz
CPPLC5-A7BD-27.0TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 27.000MHZ CMOS SMD FIPO™ CPPL Active XO (Standard) 27MHz
CPPFXC5Z-A7BD-3.2TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 3.20MHZ CMOS SMD FIPO™ CPPFX Active XO (Standard) 3.2MHz
CPPFXC7LZ-BD-66.0TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 66.000MHZ CMOS SMD FIPO™ CPPFX Active XO (Standard) 66MHz
CPPFXC5Z-A7BD-4.0TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 4.000MHZ CMOS SMD FIPO™ CPPFX Active XO (Standard) 4MHz
CPPFXC5-A7BD-2.3TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 2.30MHZ CMOS SMD FIPO™ CPPFX Active XO (Standard) 2.3MHz
CPPFXC5-A7BD-4.2TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 4.20MHZ CMOS SMD FIPO™ CPPFX Active XO (Standard) 4.2MHz
CPPFXC5-A7BD-5.5TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 5.50MHZ CMOS SMD FIPO™ CPPFX Active XO (Standard) 5.5MHz
CPPFXC7LT-A7BD-24.576TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 24.576MHZ CMOS SMD FIPO™ CPPFX Active XO (Standard) 24.576MHz
CPPFXC5L-A7BD-62.208PD Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 62.208MHZ CMOS SMD FIPO™ CPPFX Active XO (Standard) 62.208MHz
CPPFXC7L-A5BD-83.333TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 83.333MHZ CMOS SMD FIPO™ CPPFX Active XO (Standard) 83.333MHz
CPPFXC7L-A7BD-12.288TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 12.288MHZ CMOS SMD FIPO™ CPPFX Active XO (Standard) 12.288MHz
CPPFXC7L-A7BD-18.874368TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 18.874368MHZ CMOS SMD FIPO™ CPPFX Active XO (Standard) 18.874368MHz
CPPFXC7L-A7BD-25.278171TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 25.278171MHZ CMOS SMD FIPO™ CPPFX Active XO (Standard) 25.278171MHz
CPPFXC5Z-A7BD-0.88TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 880.000KHZ CMOS SMD FIPO™ CPPFX Active XO (Standard) 880kHz
CPPFXC7L-A7BD-25.92018TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 25.92018MHZ CMOS SMD FIPO™ CPPFX Active XO (Standard) 25.92018MHz
CPPFXC5Z-A7BD-1.0TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 1.000MHZ CMOS SMD FIPO™ CPPFX Active XO (Standard) 1MHz
CPPFXC7L-BD-12.288TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 12.288MHZ CMOS SMD FIPO™ CPPFX Active XO (Standard) 12.288MHz
CPPFXC7L-A7BD-28.63636PD Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 28.63636MHZ CMOS SMD FIPO™ CPPFX Active XO (Standard) 28.63636MHz
CPPFXC5Z-A7BD-1.1TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 1.10MHZ CMOS SMD FIPO™ CPPFX Active XO (Standard) 1.1MHz
CPPFXC7L-BD-49.152TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 49.152MHZ CMOS SMD FIPO™ CPPFX Active XO (Standard) 49.152MHz
CPPFXC7L-A7BD-29.4912TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 29.4912MHZ CMOS SMD FIPO™ CPPFX Active XO (Standard) 29.4912MHz
CPPFXC5Z-A7BD-1.4TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 1.40MHZ CMOS SMD FIPO™ CPPFX Active XO (Standard) 1.4MHz
CPPFXC7L-BD-62.208PD Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 62.208MHZ CMOS SMD FIPO™ CPPFX Active XO (Standard) 62.208MHz
CPPFXC7L-A7BD-38.88TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 38.88MHZ CMOS SMD FIPO™ CPPFX Active XO (Standard) 38.88MHz
CPPFXC7L-BD-62.208TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 62.208MHZ CMOS SMD FIPO™ CPPFX Active XO (Standard) 62.208MHz
CPPFXC5Z-A7BD-1.6TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 1.60MHZ CMOS SMD FIPO™ CPPFX Active XO (Standard) 1.6MHz
CPPFXC7L-A7BD-50.0TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 50.000MHZ CMOS SMD FIPO™ CPPFX Active XO (Standard) 50MHz
CPPFXC5Z-A7BD-1.7TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 1.70MHZ CMOS SMD FIPO™ CPPFX Active XO (Standard) 1.7MHz
CPPFXC5Z-A7BD-2.0TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 2.000MHZ CMOS SMD FIPO™ CPPFX Active XO (Standard) 2MHz
CPPFXC7LZ-BD-125.0TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 125.000MHZ CMOS SMD FIPO™ CPPFX Active XO (Standard) 125MHz
CPPFXT7L-A7BD-75.0TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 75.000MHZ TTL SMD FIPO™ CPPFX Active XO (Standard) 75MHz
CPPFXT7L-A7BR-12.0TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 12.000MHZ TTL SMD FIPO™ CPPFX Active XO (Standard) 12MHz
CPPFXC5L-A7BD-77.76PD Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 77.76MHZ CMOS SMD FIPO™ CPPFX Active XO (Standard) 77.76MHz
CPPFXC7T-A5BD-19.2001TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 19.2001MHZ CMOS SMD FIPO™ CPPFX Active XO (Standard) 19.2001MHz
CPPFXT7L-BR-11.2896TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 11.2896MHZ TTL SMD FIPO™ CPPFX Active XO (Standard) 11.2896MHz
CPPLC1-B6-24.0TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 24.000MHZ CMOS PC PIN FIPO™ CPPL Active XO (Standard) 24MHz
CPPLC1-BP-155.52PD Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 155.52MHZ CMOS PC PIN FIPO™ CPPL Active XO (Standard) 155.52MHz
CPPFXC5LT-A7BD-100.0PD Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 100.000MHZ CMOS SMD FIPO™ CPPFX Active XO (Standard) 100MHz
CPPFXC7L-A7BD-12.96009TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 12.96009MHZ CMOS SMD FIPO™ CPPFX Active XO (Standard) 12.96009MHz
CPPLC1L-A5BR-13.56TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 13.56MHZ CMOS PC PIN FIPO™ CPPL Active XO (Standard) 13.56MHz
CPPFXC5Z-A7BD-0.86TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 860.000KHZ CMOS SMD FIPO™ CPPFX Active XO (Standard) 860kHz
CPPLC4-B6-16.896TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 16.896MHZ CMOS PC PIN FIPO™ CPPL Active XO (Standard) 16.896MHz
CPPFXC7L-A7BD-25.0TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 25.000MHZ CMOS SMD FIPO™ CPPFX Active XO (Standard) 25MHz
CPPLC4-B6-3.6864TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 3.6864MHZ CMOS PC PIN FIPO™ CPPL Active XO (Standard) 3.6864MHz
CPPLC4L-B6-100.0TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 100.000MHZ CMOS PC PIN FIPO™ CPPL Active XO (Standard) 100MHz
CPPLC4L-BR-37.5TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 37.50MHZ CMOS PC PIN FIPO™ CPPL Active XO (Standard) 37.5MHz
CPPLC4T-A7BR-10.6656TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 10.6656MHZ CMOS PC PIN FIPO™ CPPL Active XO (Standard) 10.6656MHz
CPPFXC7L-BD-78.0TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 78.000MHZ CMOS SMD FIPO™ CPPFX Active XO (Standard) 78MHz
CPPLC7-A7BD-12.0TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 12.000MHZ CMOS SMD FIPO™ CPPL Active XO (Standard) 12MHz
CPPFXC7LZ-BD-49.152TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 49.152MHZ CMOS SMD FIPO™ CPPFX Active XO (Standard) 49.152MHz

另一个重要问题是将VCXO调制特性实现到 PLL 环路中。两个最重要的参数是调制带宽和非线性调制响应。由于调制带宽、杂散谐振和传输特性有限,PLL 环路带宽必须根据各个振荡器的调制响应进行调整。它必须低于频率控制电路的调制带宽,并且远低于第一个杂散谐振,以抑制任何振铃或锁定到杂散谐振。尤其是用于 SONET/SDH 网络的 PLL 必须非常精确地计算,因为杂散谐振可能会由于抖动传输而导致误码。通常,这种影响可能只存在于组合网络系统中。

像SONET SDH这样的广域电信系统也需要高稳定性的系统时钟来防止时差或数据丢失。所需的稳定性可能远高于标准晶体振荡器所能提供的。传统晶体振荡器的物理极限在 ±10ppm 范围内,包括温度稳定性、老化和初始校准。温度特性可由与+25°C 对称的三阶函数确定,这个三次函数可以通过使用三阶网络进行补偿,对于常规补偿,在–20 ... +70°C 范围内可以实现高达 ±0.5ppm。这些 TCXO(温度补偿 X-tal 振荡器)主要用作开关、数据传输或频率计数器中的参考时钟。改善的温度稳定性还需要改善晶体的老化特性以实现相应的整体性能。在10至15年的使用寿命中,老化率可能仅在几个ppm的范围内。电气或机械微调选项允许在一段时间后重新校准。

CPPLC7-A7BD-4.9152TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 4.9152MHZ CMOS SMD FIPO™ CPPL Active XO (Standard) 4.9152MHz
CPPT1-A3B6-1.0TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 1.000MHZ TTL PC PIN FIPO™ CPP Active XO (Standard) 1MHz
CPPT1-A3B6-50.0TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 50.000MHZ TTL PC PIN FIPO™ CPP Active XO (Standard) 50MHz
CPPT1-A3B6-60.0TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 60.000MHZ TTL PC PIN FIPO™ CPP Active XO (Standard) 60MHz
CPPT1-A3B6-10.0TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 10.000MHZ TTL PC PIN FIPO™ CPP Active XO (Standard) 10MHz
CPPT1-A3B6-20.0TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 20.000MHZ TTL PC PIN FIPO™ CPP Active XO (Standard) 20MHz
CPPT1-A3B6-22.1184TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 22.1184MHZ TTL PC PIN FIPO™ CPP Active XO (Standard) 22.1184MHz
CPPT1-A3B6-48.0TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 48.000MHZ TTL PC PIN FIPO™ CPP Active XO (Standard) 48MHz
CPPFXT1-A7BD-1.0TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 1.000MHZ TTL PC PIN FIPO™ CPPFX Active XO (Standard) 1MHz
CPPFXT1-A7BD-50.0TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 50.000MHZ TTL PC PIN FIPO™ CPPFX Active XO (Standard) 50MHz
CPPFXT7-A7BR-50.0TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 50.000MHZ TTL SMD FIPO™ CPPFX Active XO (Standard) 50MHz
CPPFXC8LT-A7BD-25.0TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 25.000MHZ CMOS SMD FIPO™ CPPFX Active XO (Standard) 25MHz
CPPC7LZ-A7B6-24.0000TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 24.000MHZ CMOS SMD FIPO™ CPP Active XO (Standard) 24MHz
CPPT1-A7BP-0.8TS Cardinal Components Inc. PROG OSC 5V .8MHZ FIPO™ CPP Active XO (Standard) 800kHz
CPPC4L-A7BR-100.0TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 100.000MHZ CMOS PC PIN FIPO™ CPP Active XO (Standard) 100MHz
CJAE7L-A7BR-75.49472TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSCILLATOR 75.49472MHZ 3.3V SMD CJAE Active XO (Standard) 75.49472MHz
CPPT1T-B6-0.6KHZPD Cardinal Components Inc. OSC TTL PWRDN 100PPM FIPO™ CPP Active XO (Standard) 600kHz
CPPT4T-A7BP-00.8000TS Cardinal Components Inc. PROG OSC 5V .8MHZ CPP Active XO (Standard) 800kHz
CFSC7 Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 622.08MHZ CMOS SMD CFSC Obsolete XO (Standard) 622.08MHz
CFSE7 Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 622.08MHZ PECL SMD CFSE Obsolete XO (Standard) 622.08MHz
CFSV7 Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 622.08MHZ LVDS SMD CFSV Obsolete XO (Standard) 622.08MHz
CVFSC7 Cardinal Components Inc. OSC VCXO 622.08MHZ CMOS SMD CVFSC Obsolete VCXO 622.08MHz
CVFSE7 Cardinal Components Inc. OSC VCXO 622.08MHZ PECL SMD CVFSE Obsolete VCXO 622.08MHz
CVFSV7 Cardinal Components Inc. OSC VCXO 622.08MHZ LVDS SMD CVFSV Obsolete VCXO 622.08MHz
CC622E9 Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 622.08MHZ PECL SMD CC622E Obsolete XO (Standard) 622.08MHz
CC622V9 Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 622.08MHZ LVDS SMD CC622V Obsolete XO (Standard) 622.08MHz
CV622E9 Cardinal Components Inc. OSC VCXO 622.08MHZ PECL SMD CV622E Obsolete VCXO 622.08MHz
CV622V9 Cardinal Components Inc. OSC VCXO 622.08MHZ LVDS SMD CV622V Obsolete VCXO 622.08MHz
C3FSC7 Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 311.04MHZ CMOS SMD C3FSC Obsolete XO (Standard) 311.04MHz
C3FSE7 Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 311.04MHZ PECL SMD C3FSE Obsolete XO (Standard) 311.04MHz
C3FSV7 Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 311.04MHZ LVDS SMD C3FSV Obsolete XO (Standard) 311.04MHz
C3VFSC7 Cardinal Components Inc. OSC VCXO 311.04MHZ CMOS SMD C3VFSC Obsolete VCXO 311.04MHz
C3VFSE7 Cardinal Components Inc. OSC VCXO 311.04MHZ PECL SMD C3VFSE Obsolete VCXO 311.04MHz
C3VFSV7 Cardinal Components Inc. OSC VCXO 311.04MHZ LVDS SMD C3VFSV Obsolete VCXO 311.04MHz
CFE4-A7BP-155.52 Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 155.52MHZ LVPECL SMD CFE4 Obsolete XO (Standard) 155.52MHz
CFE4-A7BP-156.25 Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 156.25MHZ LVPECL SMD CFE4 Obsolete XO (Standard) 156.25MHz
CFE4-A7BP-212.5 Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 212.50MHZ LVPECL SMD CFE4 Obsolete XO (Standard) 212.5MHz
CFE4-A7BP-311.04 Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 311.04MHZ LVPECL SMD CFE4 Obsolete XO (Standard) 311.04MHz
CFE4-A7BP-622.08 Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 622.08MHZ LVPECL SMD CFE4 Obsolete XO (Standard) 622.08MHz
CFL4-A7BP-155.52 Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 155.52MHZ LVDS SMD CFL4 Obsolete XO (Standard) 155.52MHz
CFL4-A7BP-156.25 Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 156.25MHZ LVDS SMD CFL4 Obsolete XO (Standard) 156.25MHz
CFL4-A7BP-212.5 Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 212.50MHZ LVDS SMD CFL4 Obsolete XO (Standard) 212.5MHz
CFL4-A7BP-311.04 Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 311.04MHZ LVDS SMD CFL4 Obsolete XO (Standard) 311.04MHz
CFL4-A7BP-622.08 Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 622.08MHZ LVDS SMD CFL4 Obsolete XO (Standard) 622.08MHz
CFED-A7BP-155.52TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 155.52MHZ LVPECL SMD CFED Obsolete XO (Standard) 155.52MHz
CFED-A7BP-156.25TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 156.25MHZ LVPECL SMD CFED Obsolete XO (Standard) 156.25MHz
CFED-A7BP-212.5TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 212.50MHZ LVPECL SMD CFED Obsolete XO (Standard) 212.5MHz
CFED-A7BP-311.04TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 311.04MHZ LVPECL SMD CFED Obsolete XO (Standard) 311.04MHz
CFED-A7BP-622.08TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 622.08MHZ LVPECL SMD CFED Obsolete XO (Standard) 622.08MHz
CFL-A7BP-155.52TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 155.52MHZ LVDS SMD CFL Obsolete XO (Standard) 155.52MHz
CFL-A7BP-156.25TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 156.25MHZ LVDS SMD CFL Obsolete XO (Standard) 156.25MHz
CFL-A7BP-212.5TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 212.50MHZ LVDS SMD CFL Obsolete XO (Standard) 212.5MHz
CFL-A7BP-311.04TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 311.04MHZ LVDS SMD CFL Obsolete XO (Standard) 311.04MHz
CFL-A7BP-622.08TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 622.08MHZ LVDS SMD CFL Obsolete XO (Standard) 622.08MHz
CFVE-A7BP-155.52TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC VCXO 155.52MHZ LVPECL SMD CFVE Obsolete VCXO 155.52MHz
CFVE-A7BP-156.25TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC VCXO 156.25MHZ LVPECL SMD CFVE Obsolete VCXO 156.25MHz
CFVE-A7BP-212.5TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC VCXO 212.50MHZ LVPECL SMD CFVE Obsolete VCXO 212.5MHz
CFVE-A7BP-311.04TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC VCXO 311.04MHZ LVPECL SMD CFVE Obsolete VCXO 311.04MHz
CFVE-A7BP-622.08TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC VCXO 622.08MHZ LVPECL SMD CFVE Obsolete VCXO 622.08MHz
CFVED-A7BP-155.52TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC VCXO 155.52MHZ LVPECL SMD CFVED Obsolete VCXO 155.52MHz
CFVED-A7BP-156.25TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC VCXO 156.25MHZ LVPECL SMD CFVED Obsolete VCXO 156.25MHz
CFVED-A7BP-212.5TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC VCXO 212.50MHZ LVPECL SMD CFVED Obsolete VCXO 212.5MHz
CFVED-A7BP-311.04TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC VCXO 311.04MHZ LVPECL SMD CFVED Obsolete VCXO 311.04MHz
CFVED-A7BP-622.08TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC VCXO 622.08MHZ LVPECL SMD CFVED Obsolete VCXO 622.08MHz
CFVL-A7BP-155.52TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC VCXO 155.52MHZ LVDS SMD CFVL Obsolete VCXO 155.52MHz
CFVL-A7BP-156.25TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC VCXO 156.25MHZ LVDS SMD CFVL Obsolete VCXO 156.25MHz
CFVL-A7BP-212.5TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC VCXO 212.50MHZ LVDS SMD CFVL Obsolete VCXO 212.5MHz
CFVL-A7BP-311.04TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC VCXO 311.04MHZ LVDS SMD CFVL Obsolete VCXO 311.04MHz
CFVL-A7BP-622.08TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC VCXO 622.08MHZ LVDS SMD CFVL Obsolete VCXO 622.08MHz
CTED-A5B3-155.52TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC TCXO 155.52MHZ LVPECL SMD CTED Obsolete TCXO 155.52MHz
CTED-A5B3-156.25TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC TCXO 156.25MHZ LVPECL SMD CTED Obsolete TCXO 156.25MHz
CTED-A5B3-212.5TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC TCXO 212.50MHZ LVPECL SMD CTED Obsolete TCXO 212.5MHz
CTED-A5B3-311.04TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC TCXO 311.04MHZ LVPECL SMD CTED Obsolete TCXO 311.04MHz
CTED-A5B3-622.08TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC TCXO 622.08MHZ LVPECL SMD CTED Obsolete TCXO 622.08MHz
CTL-A5B3-155.52TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC TCXO 155.52MHZ LVDS SMD CTL Obsolete TCXO 155.52MHz
CTL-A5B3-156.25TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC TCXO 156.25MHZ LVDS SMD CTL Obsolete TCXO 156.25MHz
CTL-A5B3-212.5TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC TCXO 212.50MHZ LVDS SMD CTL Obsolete TCXO 212.5MHz
CTL-A5B3-311.04TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC TCXO 311.04MHZ LVDS SMD CTL Obsolete TCXO 311.04MHz
CTL-A5B3-622.08TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC TCXO 622.08MHZ LVDS SMD CTL Obsolete TCXO 622.08MHz
CTVED-A5B3-155.52TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC VCTCXO 155.52MHZ LVPECL SMD CTVED Obsolete VCTCXO 155.52MHz
CTVED-A5B3-156.25TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC VCTCXO 156.25MHZ LVPECL SMD CTVED Obsolete VCTCXO 156.25MHz
CTVED-A5B3-212.5TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC VCTCXO 212.50MHZ LVPECL SMD CTVED Obsolete VCTCXO 212.5MHz
CTVED-A5B3-311.04TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC VCTCXO 311.04MHZ LVPECL SMD CTVED Obsolete VCTCXO 311.04MHz
CTVED-A5B3-622.08TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC VCTCXO 622.08MHZ LVPECL SMD CTVED Obsolete VCTCXO 622.08MHz
CTVL-A5B3-155.52TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC VCTCXO 155.52MHZ LVDS SMD CTVL Obsolete VCTCXO 155.52MHz
CTVL-A5B3-156.25TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC VCTCXO 156.25MHZ LVDS SMD CTVL Obsolete VCTCXO 156.25MHz
CTVL-A5B3-212.5TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC VCTCXO 212.50MHZ LVDS SMD CTVL Obsolete VCTCXO 212.5MHz
CTVL-A5B3-311.04TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC VCTCXO 311.04MHZ LVDS SMD CTVL Obsolete VCTCXO 311.04MHz

随着全球小型化趋势,TCXO 也必须变得更小,同时满足较大传统 TCXO 的所有规格要求。一种方式是应用ASIC(专用集成电路)。KVG 提供最高稳定性的 ASIC 技术,以提供最佳性能和小封装尺寸。尤其是3G/GSM/CDMA基站、微波链路或SDH/SONET网络在一些ppb(10-9)的范围内对稳定性的要求要高得多。这些稳定性可以通过恒温晶体振荡器OCXO(Oven Controlled X-tal Oscillator)来实现。它们的温度在标称工作温度(例如 +85°C)之上保持恒定。由于内部加热元件,它们的功耗比 TCXO 或 VCXO 高得多。因此,它们并不适用于所有应用,尤其不适用于电池操作。

SC切割晶体可以提高温度稳定性。具有SC切割晶体的OCXO可轻松达到高达10-9的温度稳定性,而双烤箱等特殊设计将此范围扩展到 10-10 或 10-11。这使得它们甚至适用于具有极高稳定性需求的应用。指定OCXO还包括老化和可追溯性。为了尽量减少初始老化效应,所有OCXO都会经过一定的“老化”过程,即所谓的预老化。几天甚至几周,这些振荡器在完全计算机化的老化设备上运行,并且每天都会监测频率漂移。结果将使制造商能够确定生产中所有单个OCXO 的长期老化情况,消除老化不足的部件并改进制造工艺。所有OCXO在运行几天后达到最终稳定性。为实现最大稳定性,不应关闭OCXO,因为OCXO达到最终频率需要一些时间。此外,最终频率与振荡器关闭前的频率不同。所有制造商都知道这种回溯问题,并且可能会在长时间关闭电源后引起问题,例如关闭数周的测量设备。

CTVL-A5B3-622.08TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC VCTCXO 622.08MHZ LVDS SMD CTVL Obsolete VCTCXO 622.08MHz
CPPE7-A7BR-118.75 Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 118.75MHZ LVPECL SMD CPPE7 Obsolete XO (Standard) 118.75MHz
CPPE7-A7BR-25.0 Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 25.000MHZ LVPECL SMD CPPE7 Obsolete XO (Standard) 25MHz
CPPE7-A7BR-120.0 Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 120.000MHZ LVPECL SMD CPPE7 Obsolete XO (Standard) 120MHz
CPPE7-A7BR-121.25 Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 121.25MHZ LVPECL SMD CPPE7 Obsolete XO (Standard) 121.25MHz
CPPE7-A7BR-122.50 Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 122.50MHZ LVPECL SMD CPPE7 Obsolete XO (Standard) 122.5MHz
CPPE7-A7BR-131.25 Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 131.25MHZ LVPECL SMD CPPE7 Obsolete XO (Standard) 131.25MHz
CPPE7-A7BR-148.4375 Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 148.4375MHZ LVPECL SMD CPPE7 Obsolete XO (Standard) 148.4375MHz
CPPE7-A7BR-164.0625 Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 164.0625MHZ LVPECL SMD CPPE7 Obsolete XO (Standard) 164.0625MHz
CPPE7-A7BR-30.0 Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 30.000MHZ LVPECL SMD CPPE7 Obsolete XO (Standard) 30MHz
CPPV7-A5BP-135.0 Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 135.000MHZ LVDS SMD CPPV7 Obsolete XO (Standard) 135MHz
CPPV7-A5BR-14.75 Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 14.75MHZ LVDS SMD CPPV7 Obsolete XO (Standard) 14.75MHz
CPPV7-A7BP-159.375 Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 159.375MHZ LVDS SMD CPPV7 Obsolete XO (Standard) 159.375MHz
CPPV7-A7BP-200.0 Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 200.000MHZ LVDS SMD CPPV7 Obsolete XO (Standard) 200MHz
CPPV7-A7BR-122.88 Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 122.88MHZ LVDS SMD CPPV7 Obsolete XO (Standard) 122.88MHz
CPPV7-A7BR-50.0TS Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 50.000MHZ LVDS SMD CPPV7 Obsolete XO (Standard) 50MHz
CPPV7-BR-100.0 Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 100.000MHZ LVDS SMD CPPV7 Obsolete XO (Standard) 100MHz
CPPV7-BR-105.0 Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 105.000MHZ LVDS SMD CPPV7 Obsolete XO (Standard) 105MHz
CPPV7-BR-125.0 Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 125.000MHZ LVDS SMD CPPV7 Obsolete XO (Standard) 125MHz
CPPV7-BR-133.333 Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 133.333MHZ LVDS SMD CPPV7 Obsolete XO (Standard) 133.333MHz
CPPV7-BR-20.0 Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 20.000MHZ LVDS SMD CPPV7 Obsolete XO (Standard) 20MHz
CPPV7-BR-40.000 Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 40.000MHZ LVDS SMD CPPV7 Obsolete XO (Standard) 40MHz
CPPV7-BR-80.0 Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 80.000MHZ LVDS SMD CPPV7 Obsolete XO (Standard) 80MHz
CPPV7Z-A7BR-200.0 Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 200.000MHZ LVDS SMD CPPV7 Obsolete XO (Standard) 200MHz
CPPV7-A5BP-80.0 Cardinal Components Inc. OSC XO 80.000MHZ LVDS SMD CPPV7 Obsolete XO (Standard) 80MHz

根据振荡器设计、晶体性能和可选的倍频方法,输出信号中总是会添加某种噪声,从而降低输出信号的质量。相位噪声应尽可能低,以实现最大S/N 比和低 BER。< 1kHz的相位噪声主要取决于晶体的品质因数,而对于 > 1Khz 的频率,振荡器电路主要影响输出上的相位噪声。由于标称频率附近相位噪声的频谱密度要高得多,因此对抖动性能的影响主要由频谱中较低频率的频谱内容给出大多数电信应用使用乘法器级来产生远高于振荡器频率的频率。由于这种相乘,相位噪声的劣化通过以下公式计算:d=20 log n(d = 相位噪声衰减,以dB为单位;n是倍增因子)

晶体和晶体振荡器有许多不同的应用领域,因此对于特定应用可能很重要的各个参数的列表永无止境。其中一些,如汽车、航空电子设备、太空计划或研究已经扩展了他们的环境要求,以承受极端温度、冲击和振动。其他的则需要提高输出光谱的纯度。KVG 石英晶体技术将帮助您根据您的特定需求为您的应用找到合适的振荡器。

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    【本文标签】:KVG晶体振荡器技术介绍
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